We have a shed with 4.5ft (or less even, 4ft pans but sat on wood, poured walls.)Are the stock going to be housed up to the wall with a central feed passage. There is a really interesting book called 'Building for the dairy cow' it advocates keeping wall heights to a minimum to allow air to circulate better.
The age/type of stock, the building location in relation to weather etc all need to be accounted for.
Walls in the shed here at 6 ft including the newest one, which is completely open front to back bar the back wall but has about a 7ft over hang at the back and around 8th over the feed passage at the front. Once you have the draft off them is the main thing they’ll survive it being cold if it’s too warm it’ll be a disaster for pneumonia. But then that’s on slats too, a bedded shed will be different as you’ll need shelter to keep the bedding
If using pans then fill them for handyness and got 8 foot.
If blocks then 6 foot would be alright
Orientation will have a fair effect on it alright as Will surroundings, it’s hard to really call it blind, we brought out the wall at the end of the passage a bit just to block off the worst of the wind along the barrier and it makes a serious differenceWe have an open front shed facing east and a couple of winters ago there was a real cold east wind blowing for about three days and on the second day the cattle were shivering in the shed, we pulled a dump trailer and a cattle trailer at the corner to break it and it was a help. It is still a great job being open.
The walls in the gable of mine are 8ft and length ways are 6ft